#TEDIM PAU EIMAH PAU; KUA DANG PAU HI PEUHMAH LO **
I Lai Siangtho (LST) leh labu a kampau i zat uh Tedim pau pen beh khat ahih kei leh nambing khat bek i pau hilo hi. Tedim mite' pianna a khang khanga kam tawh a kigen (orally) toto tangthu ciamtehna ah Tedim mite pen AD 1200 kum pawl in Ciimnuai a teng mite pau hi. Kalzang hausa Pu Gui Mang Guite-te unau in a sa ben'na uh-ah mun kidawh, ni suah ni tum dan gan pan-a mun hoih khat a muhna uh a tun khitun tui zong om a, te kelkel, te dimdim mun ah khua hong sat uh hi. Tua khua min Tedim ci-in phuak uh hi.
1810 kiim pawl in Lamzang panin Tedim khua-ah Pu Kam Hau teng a, gam uk ding panmun hih bangin hawm uh hi: Pu Kam Hau ukpi, Pu Mang Gin Hatlang - Galmapi (galkapmang); Pu Khoi Lam Hatzaw - Thu leh La (vanpi) vaihawm; Pu Kim Thuam Zilom, Pu Tel Khaat Thawmte, Pu Pau Am Samte, Pu Cin Kim Lethil leh Pu Pau Vum Sukte cihte upapi ahi uh hi. Hih ulian teng kithutuak diamdiamin vaihawm uh ahih manin amaute lang ah kuamah pang zo nawn lo hi. Mun tuamtuam pan Teizang, Dim, Thado, Guite (Paite), Vaiphei kampau a tuamtuamte in beelin tengkhawm uh hi.
**KAMPAU THU A SIAMTE (LINGUIST EXPERT) MUHNA: **
1904 kum in Sir G.A. Grierson, C.I.E., Ph.D., D.Litt., I.C.S. in India kampau tawh kisai laibu "Linguistic Survey of India" Vol 3, Part III sungah Kuki-Chin Group ci-in Zo kampau teng tangthu a gelhna "Map illustrating the dialects of Kuki-Chin Group" kici a laibu sungah amasa in Meitei kam gol pen in, a zom ah (nihna) Tedim leh Lusei pau, a thumna ah Zahau, Lai, Sihzang, Tashon leh Sho kampaute hi. Meitei kam lo buang Tedim leh Lusei kam pen zat kim dinga hoih pen in ngaihsun ahihna kithei hi. British & Foreign Bible Society (Burma Agency)-te' Rangoon a Secretary a sem Rev. W. Sharett in 1911 kum December kha-in kampau thu kan in Zogam ah zin kawikawi hi. London khuapi-a BFBS Secretary Rev. R. Kilgour, D.D. lai a khakna sungah Zogam pen gamkhen (sub-division) thum kisuah - North, Central leh South ci-in khen hi. South lam ah Hakha (Lai) pau bulsak a, Central ah Falam (Laizo) bulsak a, Tedim gam pen North lam ah om a, gamkhen lakah a zai pen leh golpen hi. Kumpi uliante leh thutheite in taang kam (lingua franca) pen hih Tedim gamkhen panin piang thei bek ding hi ci-in laikhak a, Tedim kam pen taang kam dingin hoih a sak penna na gen hi.
Zomite adingin Romanised alphabet tawh Zolai hong bawlsak JH Cope in Zolai a bawl ma-in Pau Cin Hau' lai (Laipian) leh Sihzang kam na kizang hi. Tedim hong tun khitin Cope in Tedim kam sin ding kipan pah hi. Tedim kam hilh dingin Tedim gam sunga Tapidaw suak masa pen ahi Khuasak panin Pu Pau Suan leh Pu Thuam Hang-te' Hakha ah sam in Sihzang pau sin hi. April 10, 1910 in Tedim ah Cope hong tung hi. Tedim gam-ah Cope-te nupa a om zawh a sawt tektek ciangin Sihzang kam pen Tedim gam sunga om mi a tam zawte in tel khin lo uh hi cih hong mukhia uh hi.
**TEDIM PAU ZAT DING VAI KIKHOPNA LEH KAMKUPNA **
Tua ahih manin 1919 kum in Tedim gam ah Zolai hilh ding ahih ciangin kua kampau tawh kihilh ding a, kua kampau zang ding cih thu Cope topa in makaih in thu kikupna lianpi na nei uh a, Cope in Sihzang pau tawh mangkam "Jack, The Giant Killer" a kici panin a tei Hat Lian Bu laimal 20 bang a pha Tedim gam-a khua hausa khempeuh a kihel kimna mun Tedim Vuandok zum haipi nuai-ah (tu in kiphuk ta) simkhia hi. Ahi zongin Sihzang pau tel khin zo lo uh hi.
1) GUITE KUAL TAANGMITE' THU SUNNA: Tuimui khua hausapa Pu Mang Za Thang in, "Ko Sihzang kam tel kim kei ung; ko Paite kam lah a tel lo tam zaw ding ding na hih manun Tedim kam hileh tel kim pen ni," ci hi. Ama' thu sunna Haiciin khua hausa Pu Tual Pum in thukimpih hi.
**2) THAHDO KUAL TAANGMITE' THU SUNNA: **Hiangzang khua hausa pu Zam Khaw Thang in zong, "Tuimui hausapa' cih mah bangin Tedim kam kizang hen," a ci hi. Ama' thusun Hangken khua hausa Pu Kam Pum in thukimpih hi.
**3) ZO KUAL TAANGMITE' THU SUNNA: **Phaitu khua hausa Pu Khan Thawng in zong, "Paite leh Thahdo hausate' thusun mah bangin Tedim kam kizang hen," ci hi. Hih thu sunna Salzang khua hausa Pu Zang Khaw Lian in thukimpih leuleu hi. A dang a gen nuam na om uh hiam ci-in a kidot ciangin a gen dang om lo ahih manin Tedim gam Zolai sinna ah Tedim kam tawh lai gelh ding leh Tedim kam zat ding cih thukimna a nei uh hi.
Zosuante in taang kam (lingua franca) kinei zo lo nai lo a, tanglai pek panin Tedim kam leh Lusei kam pen a kicing pen leh a kitel kim pen kam in a kikipsak ahi hi. A taktak in Zolai leh Zo kam/pau i cih pen zaipi i gen nopna ahih tei hangin a kinei zo nai lo hi zaw a, Tedim, Paite, Vaiphei, Lusei, Thahdo, Simte, Hmar cih bangin i paubing (dialect) ciat kinei ngaingai bek a, Zosuante in taang kam leh taang lai (lingua franca and common literature) dingin Zokam leh Zolai taktak a kinei nai lo hi zaw hi.
Tedim kampau pen a kuamah aa hi tuam loin Tedim khua-a pau leh ham tuamtuam a tengkhawmte pau kigawm panin hong piangkhia - i neihkhop taang kam hi. LST i neihsa teng zong hun khin zo ahih manin laibu hoih nono i tei nai lohte tei zawk a, a kisam zaw Bible Concordance, Bible Dictionary, Bible translation i neih nai loh nam nihte:
1) “Formal equivalence” – a word for word rendering of the original language into whatever language the reader needs, i.e. English. Every effort is made to retain both the word order and sentence structure of the original Hebrew or Greek.
2) “Functional equivalence” – more of a ‘thought for thought’ rendering of the original text. Also referred to as ‘dynamic equivalence’. The goal here is to produce in the reader’s language (i.e. English) the closest equivalent in both meaning and style of the original Hebrew and Greek (and Aramaic) cihte khawnga tei masak zawk huai lai hi. Tua banah kampau dang tawh LST tei behbeh sangin Hymn songs i tei nai loh tampite tei masak ding poimawh zaw lai ding hi. Kampau tuamtuam in a kitei khinsate leh Tedim kam a tel khin nai lo lailai i hih leh bel kampau dang tawh tei leng a siatna ding bel om lo hi.
**T = TEDIM KUA ZOMI KHUA **
**T= TEDIM PAU EIMAH PAU **
@ Thang Khan Lian
I Lai Siangtho (LST) leh labu a kampau i zat uh Tedim pau pen beh khat ahih kei leh nambing khat bek i pau hilo hi. Tedim mite' pianna a khang khanga kam tawh a kigen (orally) toto tangthu ciamtehna ah Tedim mite pen AD 1200 kum pawl in Ciimnuai a teng mite pau hi. Kalzang hausa Pu Gui Mang Guite-te unau in a sa ben'na uh-ah mun kidawh, ni suah ni tum dan gan pan-a mun hoih khat a muhna uh a tun khitun tui zong om a, te kelkel, te dimdim mun ah khua hong sat uh hi. Tua khua min Tedim ci-in phuak uh hi.
1810 kiim pawl in Lamzang panin Tedim khua-ah Pu Kam Hau teng a, gam uk ding panmun hih bangin hawm uh hi: Pu Kam Hau ukpi, Pu Mang Gin Hatlang - Galmapi (galkapmang); Pu Khoi Lam Hatzaw - Thu leh La (vanpi) vaihawm; Pu Kim Thuam Zilom, Pu Tel Khaat Thawmte, Pu Pau Am Samte, Pu Cin Kim Lethil leh Pu Pau Vum Sukte cihte upapi ahi uh hi. Hih ulian teng kithutuak diamdiamin vaihawm uh ahih manin amaute lang ah kuamah pang zo nawn lo hi. Mun tuamtuam pan Teizang, Dim, Thado, Guite (Paite), Vaiphei kampau a tuamtuamte in beelin tengkhawm uh hi.
**KAMPAU THU A SIAMTE (LINGUIST EXPERT) MUHNA: **
1904 kum in Sir G.A. Grierson, C.I.E., Ph.D., D.Litt., I.C.S. in India kampau tawh kisai laibu "Linguistic Survey of India" Vol 3, Part III sungah Kuki-Chin Group ci-in Zo kampau teng tangthu a gelhna "Map illustrating the dialects of Kuki-Chin Group" kici a laibu sungah amasa in Meitei kam gol pen in, a zom ah (nihna) Tedim leh Lusei pau, a thumna ah Zahau, Lai, Sihzang, Tashon leh Sho kampaute hi. Meitei kam lo buang Tedim leh Lusei kam pen zat kim dinga hoih pen in ngaihsun ahihna kithei hi. British & Foreign Bible Society (Burma Agency)-te' Rangoon a Secretary a sem Rev. W. Sharett in 1911 kum December kha-in kampau thu kan in Zogam ah zin kawikawi hi. London khuapi-a BFBS Secretary Rev. R. Kilgour, D.D. lai a khakna sungah Zogam pen gamkhen (sub-division) thum kisuah - North, Central leh South ci-in khen hi. South lam ah Hakha (Lai) pau bulsak a, Central ah Falam (Laizo) bulsak a, Tedim gam pen North lam ah om a, gamkhen lakah a zai pen leh golpen hi. Kumpi uliante leh thutheite in taang kam (lingua franca) pen hih Tedim gamkhen panin piang thei bek ding hi ci-in laikhak a, Tedim kam pen taang kam dingin hoih a sak penna na gen hi.
Zomite adingin Romanised alphabet tawh Zolai hong bawlsak JH Cope in Zolai a bawl ma-in Pau Cin Hau' lai (Laipian) leh Sihzang kam na kizang hi. Tedim hong tun khitin Cope in Tedim kam sin ding kipan pah hi. Tedim kam hilh dingin Tedim gam sunga Tapidaw suak masa pen ahi Khuasak panin Pu Pau Suan leh Pu Thuam Hang-te' Hakha ah sam in Sihzang pau sin hi. April 10, 1910 in Tedim ah Cope hong tung hi. Tedim gam-ah Cope-te nupa a om zawh a sawt tektek ciangin Sihzang kam pen Tedim gam sunga om mi a tam zawte in tel khin lo uh hi cih hong mukhia uh hi.
**TEDIM PAU ZAT DING VAI KIKHOPNA LEH KAMKUPNA **
Tua ahih manin 1919 kum in Tedim gam ah Zolai hilh ding ahih ciangin kua kampau tawh kihilh ding a, kua kampau zang ding cih thu Cope topa in makaih in thu kikupna lianpi na nei uh a, Cope in Sihzang pau tawh mangkam "Jack, The Giant Killer" a kici panin a tei Hat Lian Bu laimal 20 bang a pha Tedim gam-a khua hausa khempeuh a kihel kimna mun Tedim Vuandok zum haipi nuai-ah (tu in kiphuk ta) simkhia hi. Ahi zongin Sihzang pau tel khin zo lo uh hi.
1) GUITE KUAL TAANGMITE' THU SUNNA: Tuimui khua hausapa Pu Mang Za Thang in, "Ko Sihzang kam tel kim kei ung; ko Paite kam lah a tel lo tam zaw ding ding na hih manun Tedim kam hileh tel kim pen ni," ci hi. Ama' thu sunna Haiciin khua hausa Pu Tual Pum in thukimpih hi.
**2) THAHDO KUAL TAANGMITE' THU SUNNA: **Hiangzang khua hausa pu Zam Khaw Thang in zong, "Tuimui hausapa' cih mah bangin Tedim kam kizang hen," a ci hi. Ama' thusun Hangken khua hausa Pu Kam Pum in thukimpih hi.
**3) ZO KUAL TAANGMITE' THU SUNNA: **Phaitu khua hausa Pu Khan Thawng in zong, "Paite leh Thahdo hausate' thusun mah bangin Tedim kam kizang hen," ci hi. Hih thu sunna Salzang khua hausa Pu Zang Khaw Lian in thukimpih leuleu hi. A dang a gen nuam na om uh hiam ci-in a kidot ciangin a gen dang om lo ahih manin Tedim gam Zolai sinna ah Tedim kam tawh lai gelh ding leh Tedim kam zat ding cih thukimna a nei uh hi.
Zosuante in taang kam (lingua franca) kinei zo lo nai lo a, tanglai pek panin Tedim kam leh Lusei kam pen a kicing pen leh a kitel kim pen kam in a kikipsak ahi hi. A taktak in Zolai leh Zo kam/pau i cih pen zaipi i gen nopna ahih tei hangin a kinei zo nai lo hi zaw a, Tedim, Paite, Vaiphei, Lusei, Thahdo, Simte, Hmar cih bangin i paubing (dialect) ciat kinei ngaingai bek a, Zosuante in taang kam leh taang lai (lingua franca and common literature) dingin Zokam leh Zolai taktak a kinei nai lo hi zaw hi.
Tedim kampau pen a kuamah aa hi tuam loin Tedim khua-a pau leh ham tuamtuam a tengkhawmte pau kigawm panin hong piangkhia - i neihkhop taang kam hi. LST i neihsa teng zong hun khin zo ahih manin laibu hoih nono i tei nai lohte tei zawk a, a kisam zaw Bible Concordance, Bible Dictionary, Bible translation i neih nai loh nam nihte:
1) “Formal equivalence” – a word for word rendering of the original language into whatever language the reader needs, i.e. English. Every effort is made to retain both the word order and sentence structure of the original Hebrew or Greek.
2) “Functional equivalence” – more of a ‘thought for thought’ rendering of the original text. Also referred to as ‘dynamic equivalence’. The goal here is to produce in the reader’s language (i.e. English) the closest equivalent in both meaning and style of the original Hebrew and Greek (and Aramaic) cihte khawnga tei masak zawk huai lai hi. Tua banah kampau dang tawh LST tei behbeh sangin Hymn songs i tei nai loh tampite tei masak ding poimawh zaw lai ding hi. Kampau tuamtuam in a kitei khinsate leh Tedim kam a tel khin nai lo lailai i hih leh bel kampau dang tawh tei leng a siatna ding bel om lo hi.
**T = TEDIM KUA ZOMI KHUA **
**T= TEDIM PAU EIMAH PAU **
@ Thang Khan Lian
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